Cytopathology is the study of individual cells to detect diseases at an early stage, especially cancers and pre-cancerous conditions. This diagnostic technique examines cells collected through fine needle aspiration (FNAC), body fluids, Pap smears, and brushings. Cytopathology helps identify infections, inflammatory conditions, hormonal changes, and malignant cells with high accuracy. It is a minimally invasive, quick, and cost-effective method that often avoids the need for major surgical procedures. Early cytopathological evaluation plays a crucial role in timely diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring disease progression, ensuring better patient outcomes and effective clinical decision-making.